Medizines

General Description

The bitter melon or bitter gourd is the bitterest of all vegetables known to humankind, but it is also the most medicinally effective. Though bitter, its fruit is eaten as a vegetable and is used to make several mouthwatering dishes especially in India. In India, the bitter gourd is known as the karela. Its biological name is Momordica charantia.

Morphologically, the bitter melon is an herbaceous vine which bears tendrils and it creeps along supports. Leaves are simple and alternate, and flowers are yellow. Male and female flowers grow on separate plants. The fruit of the plant, which is known as the bitter melon, has an oblong shape with a warty exterior and is dark green in color.

Bitter melon possesses various chemicals such as charantin, peptides resembling insulin and several alkaloids. Due to these constituents, bitter melon is quite widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Properties
Bitter melon is a valuable vegetable. It is useful in most metabolic and physiological processes of the human body. It has the following properties:-

(i) Bitter melon is composed of various chemicals that have a hypoglycemic activity, i.e. they reduce the amount of sugar in the blood.
(ii) Bitter melon stimulates appetite.
(iii) Bitter melon helps in the entire digestion process. Hence it is used in treatment of digestive problems.
(iv) Bitter melon has emetic, purgative and anthelmentic properties. It is also anti-flatulent.
(v) Bitter melon is used in the dissolution of fats from the body. It is known to have anti-lipolytic properties.
(vi) Bitter melon possesses all the essential vitamins in good amounts, such as vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C and also minerals like iron.
(vii) Bitter melon is anti-inflammatory and astringent. It has specific action on the movement of bowels.

Uses

(i) Anorexia
Bitter melon is an appetite stimulant. Hence it is used in the treatment of anorexia, a disorder in which a person is unable to eat the required amount of food.

(ii) Blood Impurities
Bitter gourd is used as a blood purifier due to its bitter tonic properties. It can heal boils and other blood related problems that show up on the skin. For treatment, a cupful of the juice of the bitter melon must be taken each day in the morning, with a teaspoon of the juice of the citrus lemon in it.

(iii) Diabetes Mellitus
A lot has been written lately about the very beneficial aspects of bitter melon in the treatment of diabetes. As already discussed above, bitter melon has a host of bitter chemicals in which, which are hypoglycemic in action. It also has at least one substance that is like the insulin secreted by the human pancreatic glands. Hence, bitter melon is extremely effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Doctors all over the world prescribe having either bitter melon juice early in the morning or to include it in some other fashion in the daily diet. Regular use of bitter melon over a period of time helps to bring the blood sugar level down.

(iv) Diarrhea
For diarrhea, the juice of a bitter lemon is mixed with the juice of the spring onions, both two teaspoons in quantity. This is then added with the juice of a lemon. This juice is given to the patient twice a day. This remedy is also effective in curing the diarrhea that is caused due to cholera.

(v) Hangovers
The juice of the bitter melon is excellent remedy for hangovers. It is also very beneficial in preventing the liver damage that occurs due to excessive alcoholism.

(vi) Piles
In case of piles, the fresh juice of bitter melons is prescribed to the patient with positive results. Three teaspoons of juice of the bitter melon leaves is to be extracted each morning, added to a glassful of buttermilk and then consumed on an empty stomach. Carrying on this routine for thirty days will treat piles completely. Even externally, the paste of the leaves of the piles can be applied over the hemorrhoids.

(vii) Pyorrhea
Pyorrhea is bleeding from the gums. Including bitter melon in the daily diet or having some of its juice every morning on an empty stomach helps to reduce this problem.

(viii) Respiratory Problems
The paste of the leaves of the bitter melon is mixed with equal amounts of the paste of tulsi leaves. This is taken with honey each morning as a treatment and prevention for respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, common colds and pharyngitis.

(ix) Skin Infections
In case of scabies, ringworm and psoriasis, etc. one cup of bitter melon juice must be had each morning on an empty stomach. This juice can be made more potent by adding a teaspoonful quantity of the juice of the lime in it. It is also used in prevention of leprosy in vulnerable regions of the world.

Special Ayurvedic Preparations
Bitter melon is used mostly as a vegetable. It is incorporated in the daily diet. Its juice is also prescribed, generally mixed with other citrus juices like those of the lemon. There are no special preparations made out of the karela, as it is generally consumed in its basic form.

Precautions
There has been some indication that the juice of the karela may induce abortion of fetuses in pregnant women. More research on this is going on. At the same time, attempts are being made to extract the essential components of the bitter melon in a more acceptable and safe form for human consumption.By: Dr John Anne

Another food recommended for its nutritional advantages without consideration for the harm it can cause is milk. Dr. Duane Alexander, director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, is quoted as saying, "Without including milk in the diet, it is nearly impossible to meet calcium needs." Some medical authorities, concerned about the deficiency of calcium in the diets of young people, believe that drinking more milk is the solution. A national survey revealed that only 13.5 percent of girls and 35.3 percent of boys between the ages of twelve and nineteen consume the recommended amount of calcium for teenagers: 1,300 mg of calcium daily.

Teenagers may be short on calcium, but they need to satisfy their calcium requirements by eating calcium-rich foods rather than by drinking milk because milk puts them at risk for developing a serious, sometimes fatal health problem later on in life. Milk causes a spurt in growth by stimulating the release of the human growth hormone somatotropin. This increases the teenager's chance of getting cancer as an adult if his or her milk-drinking habit causes growth above a certain height. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association and conducted at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Harvard School of Public Health found that taller people in general were more likely to get both pancreatic and colon cancer. Dr. Dominique Michaud, an investigator at the National Cancer Institute, states that this increase in cancer risk is related to exposure to the growth hormone in milk during adolescence. (This is the growth hormone that occurs naturally in milk, not the hormone added by dairy farmers to increase cows' production of milk.)

With each generation in America and elsewhere growing taller than the previous one because of increased milk consumption, and therefore increasingly likely to get cancer -- as well as diabetes and calcium-hardened tissues -- it's time that the human body's calcium requirements were satisfied by eating foods that are high in calcium, such as yogurt, cheese, and root vegetables, rather than milk. (Yogurt and cheese, although made from milk, have been chemically altered by fermentation, so, unlike milk, they don't stimulate the release of somatotropin, the human growth hormone.)

Not only should teenagers avoid drinking milk because of the health risks involved when they become adults but also because the processed milk available in supermarkets today won't satisfy their calcium needs. Standard brands of milk produced by agribusinesses have been heated, for the purposes of extending their shelf life, to a temperature of 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Pasteurization at such high heat destroys the acidity in milk; without it calcium can't be broken down, and undigested calcium can't be absorbed and utilized by the cells.

Drinking commercially pasteurized milk not only fails to satisfy the body's calcium requirements, but because undigested calcium particles are not assimilated, adults who drink as little as two glasses of milk a day risk a buildup of excessive levels of calcium in their bodies. Yet a recent revision in the guidelines of the U.S. government's Food Pyramid, published on April 20, 2005, in the New York Times, ignores this information by recommending three cups of milk for adults daily, one more cup than it recommends for children. In adults who drink milk every day, the calcium is apt to be deposited in the wrong places, for example, in the reproductive organs, in the bile duct, or in the ureters, the ducts that convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The well-known downside of drinking milk is that it induces the mucus-secreting glands to overproduce. Excessive amounts of mucus cause unfriendly germs to multiply faster because it's a food they thrive on.

But far more dangerous to health than excess mucus is the elevation of blood insulin that the consumption of milk by adults causes. Excessive insulin in the blood makes glucose levels drop drastically. This gives rise to binge eating, which brings the blood sugar back up; however, because blood sugar goes too high, insulin again rises excessively and once again causes the blood sugar to plummet. These wild swings in blood sugar give rise to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and when the overproducing insulin glands stop working, the hypoglycemic individual becomes diabetic.

Elevated insulin levels have also been implicated in the development of cancer. Women with breast cancer who have high insulin levels are six times more likely to have a recurrence.

The deficiency of a nutrient in the body is not always the result of a diet that is lacking in that particular nutrient. Calcium deficiency is a case in point. The body can be deficient in calcium even though the diet meets the calcium requirements if the individual lacks vitamin D or the mineral boron. Both are necessary for the absorption and utilization of calcium.

Vitamin D is found only in the fat in meat, milk products, and seafood. The low-fat diet, by depriving the body of vitamin D, could be responsible for the widespread calcium deficiency in teenagers. In a study published in The Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 24 percent of the 307 teenagers tested had a severe deficiency of vitamin D, and 42 percent were slightly deficient in the vitamin.

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